How does temperature impact solar panel performance?

Temperature plays a crucial role in the performance of solar panels, and the correct choice highlights that higher temperatures can reduce the efficiency of solar panels. When the temperature increases, the semiconductor materials used in solar cells experience greater thermal agitation, which leads to reduced voltage output. This reduction in voltage results in a decrease in the overall efficiency and performance of the solar panel.

The efficiency of a solar panel is typically rated at a specific temperature, often around 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit). As the operating temperature rises above this rated temperature, the power output can drop significantly. This phenomenon is due to the negative temperature coefficient associated with silicon-based solar cells, where a 1°C increase in temperature can decrease efficiency by approximately 0.4% to 0.5%.

Conversely, at lower temperatures, solar panels generally operate more efficiently due to the reduced thermal agitation of electrons, which helps maintain a better voltage output. Though very cold temperatures can lead to other performance factors, the general trend is that lower temperatures are favorable for electrical output.

Understanding how temperature affects solar panel performance is essential for optimal system design and installation, ensuring solar energy systems operate efficiently across different environmental conditions.