In a PV system, what happens to the current when irradiance increases?

In a photovoltaic (PV) system, when irradiance increases, the current output of the solar panels also increases. Irradiance refers to the power per unit area received from the sun, typically measured in watts per square meter. As more sunlight hits the surface of the solar cells, more energy is available to be converted into electricity. This increase in sunlight contributes to a higher rate of electron generation within the photovoltaic materials, leading to a corresponding increase in the flow of electric current.

It's important to note that while the increase in irradiance primarily boosts the current, the voltage output of the solar module is relatively stable until operating conditions change significantly, such as reaching a certain temperature or when the system is under load. The relationship between irradiance and current is linear within the typical operating range of a solar panel, which means that doubling the amount of sunlight can roughly double the current produced.

This fundamental characteristic of PV technology illustrates the direct dependence of output current on sunlight availability, making it clear how variations in irradiance directly influence the efficiency and performance of solar energy systems.