In what way can batteries be utilized in residential solar systems?

Batteries play a crucial role in residential solar systems by serving as a storage solution for excess energy generated during sunny periods. When solar panels produce more electricity than the home is consuming, the surplus energy can be stored in batteries. This stored energy can be used later, particularly during non-sunny periods such as nighttime or cloudy days, when solar generation is minimal or nonexistent.

Using batteries in this way enhances the overall efficiency and utility of a solar power system. Homeowners can rely on stored energy to power their homes without needing to draw from the grid, which can be especially beneficial during peak demand times or outages. This functionality not only helps in managing energy costs effectively but also contributes to energy independence.

The other options do not accurately represent the primary function of batteries in residential solar systems. Charging electric vehicles exclusively limits their use, while running appliances during peak hours does not capture the flexibility that stored energy provides across various times. Moreover, batteries do not increase solar panel efficiency; rather, they play a complementary role in energy management and utilization.