What is the main purpose of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system?

The primary function of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system is to convert solar energy into electrical energy. This is achieved using solar cells, typically made from silicon, which capture sunlight and generate direct current (DC) electricity. The process involves absorbing photons from sunlight, which then excite electrons, creating an electric current. This electricity can then be used to power homes, businesses, or be fed into the electrical grid.

While there are systems designed to store excess solar energy, such as batteries, this is not the main purpose of a PV system itself. Additionally, the focus of a solar PV system is not on providing thermal heating or generating electricity from wind energy, as these functions belong to different types of renewable energy technologies. Therefore, the essence of a solar PV system lies in its ability to efficiently convert sunlight into usable electrical power.