What is the purpose of a PV array?

The purpose of a photovoltaic (PV) array is to collect and convert sunlight into electricity. This process is facilitated by solar cells, which absorb photons from sunlight and generate direct current (DC) electricity through the photovoltaic effect. The effectiveness of a PV array hinges on its design, materials, and the arrangement of solar panels, all of which are optimized to maximize the capture of sunlight and, subsequently, the generation of electrical energy.

Once the sunlight is converted into electricity, it can either be used immediately to power electrical loads or be transferred to an inverter to convert it into alternating current (AC), which is the form of electricity commonly used in homes and businesses. This conversion process is critical for incorporating solar energy into the existing electrical grid and for use in standard electrical appliances.

The other options highlight activities related to energy systems but do not encompass the fundamental role of a PV array. Storing electricity for later use pertains to battery systems or other energy storage technologies. Monitoring system performance refers to the functionality and analysis of the energy production and efficiency of the PV system, while managing electricity distribution is handled by the electrical grid and related infrastructure.